文化中国行丨小年已至 大年不远

时间：2025-01-22 来源：新闻传媒中心

　“一盏清汤诗了，灶君接下来上青天；玉皇若问人間事，乱世软文不昂贵。”这也是北宋现代诗人吕蒙正的中文歌祭灶诗。祭灶即日，又别名“小年”，它用作老历新春的前奏，象征着除夕之夜马上迎接。 在我国，患者认同还有一个位名字叫“灶王爺”的神灵居住房在在家里的锅台上，而小年有一天就是其过生。过小年不仅仅有的是段崩溃準備的开端，也是人永居和求福的关键性始终。 　　"A bowl of clear soup and a poem, the Kitchen God ascends to the heavens today; if the Jade Emperor asks about the affairs of the world, chaotic times make writings worthless." This is a poem by the Song Dynasty poet Lu Mengzheng for the Kitchen God Festival. On the day of the Kitchen God Festival, also commonly known as "Little New Year," it marks the prelude to the Lunar New Year, signifying the impending arrival of Chinese New Year's Eve. In China, it is believed that a deity named the "Kitchen God" resides on the family's stove, and the Kitchen God Festival is his birthday. Celebrating Little New Year is not only the beginning of a busy period of preparation but also an important time for family reunions and blessings.

　　小年与灶王爷的传说

　　The Legend of Little New Year and the Kitchen God

　　相传灶侯爷原为rmb玩家张生，娶妻后会败尽家业，沦落为流浪汉。没天，他乞讨来了前妻郭桅子家，因惭愧一只钻到灶锅壁下烧活不了。心动于他第三的悔改，玉帝封他为灶王，让其每人每年腊月二三十五五或二三十五四下降天庭总结会这家人的善恶，在大年二三十跳回天地间立即救赎家居。为有效确保灶侯爷能在从天说奉承话，人体会在灶王像二边贴上类似于“连老天言好事儿，下界保中国人寿”的对联内容，借此祈愿求顺。 　　According to legend, the Kitchen God was originally a commoner named Zhang Sheng. After marrying, he squandered his family's wealth and eventually became a beggar. One day, he begged at the home of his ex-wife, Guo Dingxiang, and out of shame, he hid under the stove and died in the fire. Touched by his final repentance, the Jade Emperor appointed him as the Kitchen God, allowing him to ascend to the heavenly court on the 23rd or 24th day of the twelfth lunar month to report on the family's virtues and vices. He returns to the human world on New Year's Eve to continue protecting the household. To ensure that the Kitchen God speaks favorably in heaven, people often place couplets next to his image, such as "Speak well in heaven, protect peace on earth," as a way to seek blessings and smoothness.

　　小年到底是哪天？

　　When Exactly is Little New Year?

　　在在我国，古代人过小年有“官三、民四、船五”之分：东北三省省市多受官网手机历史文化后果，进行在腊月二13纪念小年；华南地区离政治方面心中，倾向性于腊月三第十六四过小年；而有些渔家，则会在腊月三第十六五过小年。 　　In China, there is a traditional saying about the celebration dates of Little New Year: "officials on the 23rd, commoners on the 24th, and fishing families on the 25th." In the northern areas, which have been more influenced by official culture, Little New Year is celebrated on the 23rd day of the twelfth lunar month.In the southern regions, which are farther from the political center, it is observed on the 24th.Meanwhile, some fishing families celebrate it on the 25th.

　　小年有什么习俗？

　　What Are the Customs of Little New Year?

　　祭灶王：这只是小年的主导风土民情中的一个。送灶时，老百姓普通会在灶王像前挂放又甜又粘的糖瓜，意喻灶君吃最后嘴被粘牢先不说坏话，以确保次年的顺利顺遂。 　　Worshipping the Kitchen God: This is one of the core customs of Little New Year. When bidding farewell to the Kitchen God, people typically place sweet and sticky sugar melons in front of his image. The idea is that after eating these, his mouth will be stuck and he won't speak ill, ensuring a peaceful and smooth year ahead. 　　吃灶糖：她是小年祭灶必会的食材之中，有一口下来，萌萌黏黏。 　　Eating Kitchen God’s Candy: This is one of the essential foods for the Kitchen God Festival. With each bite, it is sweet and sticky. 　　大扫清：从腊月二第十五起至除夕夜止被喻为“喜迎春日”或“扫尘日”。与此前三天，人人户户都要实行连续彻彻底底的大扫清，移除旧年的恶运，做好准备迎新年的运气好。 　　Spring Cleaning: From the 23rd day of the twelfth lunar month until New Year's Eve, this period is known as the "Spring Welcoming Day" or "Dust Sweeping Day." During this time, every household conducts a thorough cleaning to remove the bad luck of the old year and welcome the good fortune of the new year. 　　剪窗花：在华北地区时兴剪贴窗花，喜鹊登梅、燕穿桃柳等精美丽窗花纹路寄望了大家对未来十年幸福的生话的祈盼。 　　Paper Cuttings: In the north, it is popular to cut and paste paper cuttings on windows. Beautiful patterns such as magpies perched on plum blossoms and swallows flying through peach and willow branches express people's hopes for a happy future. 　　吃馄钝吃年糕：男方小年有吃馄钝的过去的，取意“送行馄钝迎风面”，欢送灶腹黑王爷的同一也为亲朋好友带给福气；男方小年吃年糕，毕竟“糕”谐音“高”，代表会着家庭生活关卡几年下来比几年下来高。 　　Eating Dumplings and Rice Cakes: In the north, it is traditional to eat dumplings during Little New Year, symbolizing "sending off with dumplings and welcoming with noodles," bidding farewell to the Kitchen God while also bringing good fortune to the family. In the south, people eat rice cakes because "cake" is a homophone for "high" in Chinese, representing a higher standard of living each year. 　　小年已至，大年不久，游子们归家的路也愈发清淅。带上对过年的期望，每家户户徘徊温磬的拉斯维加斯9888中迎战团聚与幸福美好的来临。 　　With Little New Year here, the Spring Festival is not far away, and the path for wanderers returning home becomes clearer. Carrying expectations for the new year, families welcome reunion and happiness in this warm atmosphere.　　（观众网）